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Single Delivery of High-Diversity Fecal Microbiota Preparation by Colonoscopy Is Safe and Effective in Increasing Microbial Diversity in Active Ulcerative Colitis.

TitleSingle Delivery of High-Diversity Fecal Microbiota Preparation by Colonoscopy Is Safe and Effective in Increasing Microbial Diversity in Active Ulcerative Colitis.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2017
AuthorsJacob V, Crawford C, Cohen-Mekelburg S, Viladomiu M, Putzel GG, Schneider Y, Chabouni F, OʼNeil S, Bosworth B, Woo V, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF, Gerardin Y, Kassam Z, Smith M, Iliev ID, Sonnenberg GF, Artis D, Scherl E, Longman RS
JournalInflamm Bowel Dis
Volume23
Issue6
Pagination903-911
Date Published2017 06
ISSN1536-4844
KeywordsAdult, Aged, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Colitis, Ulcerative, Colonoscopy, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Feces, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New York, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Rectum, Remission Induction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent trials suggest fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with repeated enemas and high-diversity FMT donors is a promising treatment to induce remission in ulcerative colitis.

METHODS: We designed a prospective, open-label pilot study to assess the safety, clinical efficacy, and microbial engraftment of single FMT delivery by colonoscopy for active ulcerative colitis using a 2-donor fecal microbiota preparation (FMP). Safety and clinical endpoints of response, remission, and mucosal healing at week 4 were assessed. Fecal DNA and rectal biopsies were used to characterize the microbiome and mucosal CD4 T cells, respectively, before and after FMT.

RESULTS: Of the 20 patients enrolled in this study, 7 patients (35%) achieved a clinical response by week 4. Three patients (15%) were in remission at week 4 and 2 of these patients (10%) achieved mucosal healing. Three patients (15%) required escalation of care. No serious adverse events were observed. Microbiome analysis revealed that restricted diversity of recipients pre-FMT was significantly increased by high-diversity 2-donor FMP. The microbiome of recipients post-transplant was more similar to the donor FMP than the pretransplant recipient sample in both responders and nonresponders. Notably, donor composition correlated with clinical response. Mucosal CD4 T-cell analysis revealed a reduction in both Th1 and regulatory T-cells post-FMT.

CONCLUSIONS: High-diversity, 2-donor FMP delivery by colonoscopy seems safe and effective in increasing fecal microbial diversity in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Donor composition correlated with clinical response and further characterization of immunological parameters may provide insight into factors influencing clinical outcome.

DOI10.1097/MIB.0000000000001132
Alternate JournalInflamm. Bowel Dis.
PubMed ID28445246
PubMed Central IDPMC6159890
Grant ListK08 DK099381 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
P30 DK056338 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States